Akp is pain in the front half of the knee and has many other names including runners knee, chondromalacia and patellofemoral pain. The kujala anterior knee pain scale akps was published in 1993. Pain results from the pressure of the knee cap as it moves up and down in the shallow groove of the thigh bone when you bend and straighten. Physical performance measures anterior knee pain with squatting b component 4. Mean sd low back pain rating scale lbprs score for disability component 0. Knee instruments and rating scales designed to measure outcomes.
Anterior knee pain early in life can be clinically significant in determining a patients risks of developing functional deficits and joint degeneration. Patellofemoral questionnaire or anterior knee pain scale akps. A clinicians should use the anterior knee pain scale akps, the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis subscale of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koospf, or the visual analog scale vas for activity or eng and pierrynowski questionnaire. Jul 05, 2019 the records of female athletes analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Score a no difficulty b slight pain when descending c pain both when. Anterior knee pain or patellofemoral pain syndrome is a commonly recognised symptom complex characterised by pain in the vicinity of the patella in young adults worsened by sitting and climbing stairs. It is a patient reported assessment of patellofemoral disorders that assesses subjective. Anterior knee pain, or patellofemoral pain, is pain in the front of the knee which is often made worse by sitting for prolonged periods, stair climbing or any activity which involves bending the knee.
Anterior knee pain is a dull, aching pain that is most often felt. The term anterior knee pain is sometimes used synonymously with patellofemoral pain syndrome but it is important to make a careful assessment of the underlying cause in order to ensure appropriate management and advice. Back pain radiating to iliac crest, groin or anterior perineum each scores 1. Those with positive findings completed an ikdc form, a standardized history and a physicianadministered physical examination. Kujala anterior knee pain scale pdf pdf connect me. Jul 21, 2016 analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. The reliability and meaningfulness of the anterior knee pain and. The contemporary management of anterior knee pain and patellofemoral instability. Anterior knee pain akp is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in the context of knee conditions in adolescent and young adult patients, accounting for up to 74% of knee pain experienced by adolescents participating in sports.
The origin of patellofemoral pain can be directly traced to supraphysiological mechanical. The lysholm score is a 100point scoring system for examining a patients knee specific symptoms including mechanical locking, instability, pain, swelling, stair climbing, and squatting. Pdf dutch translation of the kujala anterior knee pain. Anterior knee pain akp is an ache or pain in and around the front of your knee. Within the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine, the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps, has been widely used to identify and study the prevalence of patellofemoral knee pain. Runners with anterior knee pain use a greater percentage. Anterior knee pain exercise programme poole hospital. It is a patient reported assessment of patellofemoral disorders that assesses subjective symptoms and functional limitations. Pdf the contemporary management of anterior knee pain. The mulligan concept in the treatment of anterior knee pain.
Patientreported measures akps or koospf a visual analog scale. The purpose of the disablement model case study was to describe the case of a collegiate basketball player suffering from anterior knee pain akp. Two very common scales used in the assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome are the anterior knee pain scale and the lower. A careful history and physical examination are crucial for an. The rate is around 1533% in active adult population and 2145% of. Jun 23, 2015 anterior knee pain is common with a variety of causes. Pdf the purpose of the disablement model case study was to describe the case of a collegiate basketball player suffering from anterior knee pain. For the akps, a 10point or greater change represents the. Diagnosis and treatment of anterior knee pain journal of. Reliability and responsiveness of the lower extremity functional scale and the anterior knee pain scale in patients with anterior knee pain cynthia j.
Significant improvement was found from preoperative to postoperative scores in all of. Pdf the mulligan concept in the treatment of anterior knee pain. Despite widespread acceptance and clinical use of the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few studies have reported on its reliability and no such studies have concentrated on child or adolescent samples exclusively. Omearas anterior knee pain patellofemoral syndrome. Patients were evaluated through history, locomotor examination, womac score.
Kujala um, jaakkola lh, koskinen sk, taimela s, hurme m, nelimarkka o. Anterior knee pain is a very common problem among people who are active in sports and recreation. Reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale. May 24, 2017 most patients with patellofemoral or anterior knee pain will not notice any of these mechanical symptoms. Bend one leg and put your foot on the bedfloor and put a rolled up towel underneath the other knee. A recent study in a sports medicine journal studied patellofemoral pain in adolescents and found that in more than 50% of cases, the pain became chronic and did not resolve on its own when these kids were reassessed two years later. Inconclusive data for physical impairment component. Anterior knee pain scale description pain inducing trigger in patients with anterior knee pain syndrome harrison et al 1996. Anterior knee pain scale knee pain athletic injuries. Anterior knee pain was noted in 410 of 1620 knees 25.
The condition is usually caused by an ir ritation and inflammation of the extensor mechanism of the knee either at the attachment to the tibial tuberosity, in the patella tendon, in the. It is of high socioeconomic relevance as it occurs most frequently in young and active patients. Prospective methodological study of repeated measures using a sample of. One common symptom is a grating or grinding feeling when the knee is flexed when the ankle is brought closer to the back of the thigh. Anterior knee pain is one of the most common orthopedic complaints affecting the knee. Anterior knee pain, diagnosed as patellofemoral pain syndrome pfps, is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders 61. National athletic trainers association position statement. Discussion the kujala akps, is a wellrecognized and highly respected instrument used within the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine. To determine the testretest reliability and responsiveness of the anterior knee pain scale akps and the lower extremity functional scale lefs in patients with anterior knee pain. Dutch translation of the kujala anterior knee pain scale and validation in patients after knee arthroplasty. The french translated version of the anterior knee pain scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the functional limitations associated with patellofemoral pain. The investigators evaluated a total of 81 patients 36 female and 45 male between the ages of 16 and 40 years with a history of anterior knee pain of more than three months. However, despite its widespread acceptance clinically, relatively few studies have reported on its technical properties with pediatric patients. Chinese translation and validation of the kujala sale for patients with patellofemoral pain.
Owing to the complex multifactorial aetiology of akp, with local, proximal and distal factors potentially involved, its treatment is particularly difficult and challenging for the practitioner. Ittenbach et all suggest that is highly reliable, but not without its limitations and further research is needed for its use outside of a clinical environment and application to the general population. Basic science studies have provided insight into the origin of anterior knee pain and refined understanding of the anatomy. Knee instruments and rating scales designed to measure. Mean sd low back pain rating scale lbprs score for pain component 1. The lysholm score is a 100point scoring system for examining a patients kneespecific symptoms including mechanical locking, instability, pain, swelling, stair climbing, and squatting. It is usually due to an irritation of the under surface of the knee cap known as the patella. Clinical evaluation has progressively focused on the contribution of the entire lower extremity to patellofemoral. The kujala akps 1 is a item screening instrument designed to assess patellofemoral pain in adolescents and young adults, with a variable. Analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. The records of female athletes analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Anterior knee pain scale documents response to walking, running, jumping, using stairs, squatting, sitting for. Testing consisted of completion of the anterior knee pain scale. French translation and validation of the anterior knee.
Zeigler, pt, ms, atc, faaompt4 patricia horton, pt5 susan s. A clinicians should use the anterior knee pain scale akps, the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis sub scale of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koospf, or the visual analog scale vas for activity or eng and pierrynowski questionnaire epq to measure pain and function in patients with pfp. An athlete with no sign of anterior knee pain would have a score of 100. The questionnaire was used to assess pain and functional ability of le movements in knee. Anterior knee pain akp is one of the most frequent reasons for adolescents and young adults to seek consultation for knee conditions. Anterior knee pain is common with a variety of causes which can be divided anatomically using a layered approach1 from superficial to deep. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of anterior knee pain rate, knee pain. Anterior knee pain exercises the following exercises are to be performed daily within your pain free limits for a minimum of 8 weeks as directed by your physiotherapist. The anterior knee pain scale akpssometimes called the kujala scale kujala et al 1993 is a item kneespecific selfreport questionnaire. In fact, some authors suggested a predisposition to patellofemoral osteoarthritis later in life when anterior knee pain presents itself in adolescence or young adulthood. The risk for reoperation, however, was lower in the resurfacing group than in the group without resurfacing. Pdf the purpose of this investigation was to estimate and document the reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale akps and to.
To translate and validate the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty tka or unicompartmental knee. Minimum score is 0 points and maximum score is 100 points. Reliability and responsiveness of the lower extremity. French translation and validation of the anterior knee pain. Using visual analog scales, its 24 items probe three dimensionspain 5 items, stiffness 2 items, and functional difficulty 17 itemsthat are judged to. Superficial soft tissues prepatellar bursitis morellavallee lesion infrapatellar bursitis extensor.
The primary outcome measures include the adverse events, visual analog scale for pain, and anterior knee pain scale index, which is a knee function selfreport questionnaire to evaluate the. Analysis of outcome measures for persons with patellofemoral pain. Adolescent anterior knee pain syndrome does not usually cause swelling around the knee. A screening instruments ability to provide clinicians with consistent and reproducible information is crucial to intervention. Knee rehabilitation exercises to ensure that this program is safe and effective for you, it should be performed under your doctors supervision. Pdf analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain. Free online kujala anterior knee pain scale score calculator. Thai version of the kujala patellofemoral questionnaire in knee. Evaluation and rehabilitation for anterior knee pain a case. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate and document the reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale akps and to estimate its relative prediction accuracy of anterior knee pain in young females. This metaanalysis included 16 studies with more than 3,000 knee joints.
Runners with anterior knee pain use a greater percentage of. Most patients with patellofemoral or anterior knee pain will not notice any of these mechanical symptoms. Sports injury medicine department 9250 sw hall blvd. Talk to your doctor or physical therapist about which exercises will best help you meet your rehabilitation goals. The testretest reliability of the french anterior knee pain scale was excellent, the internal consistency was high and the construct validity was consistent. Apr 30, 2014 the purpose of this investigation was to estimate and document the reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale akps and to estimate its relative prediction accuracy of anterior knee pain in young females.
Progress towards understanding anterior knee pain after total. Data from a prospective, epidemiologic study to diagnose patellofemoral knee pain among female athletes n 499 using the anterior knee pain scale akps. Pdf analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few studies have reported on its reliability and no such studies. Pain during activities that repeatedly bend the knee jumping, squatting, running, and other exercise involving weightlifting pain related to a change in activity level or intensity, playing surface, or equipment. The most widely used diseasespecific questionnaire is the womac osteoarthritis index. Patellofemoral or anterior knee pain in adolescents howard. The item screening kujala anterior knee pain scale akps can also be used to identify patellofemoral pain in adolescents and young adults. It provides a common challenge to diagnose and manage. It documents response to six activities thought to be associated specifically with anterior knee pain syndrome walking, running, jumping, climbing stairs, squatting, and sitting. Institute for orthopaedics and sports medicine 210 east 64th street, 4 th floor, new york, ny 10065 anterior knee pain rehabilitation program 1 anterior knee pain rehabilitation program phase iacute goals. The original study group for the score featured patients with subjects with anterior knee pain, patellar subluxation, and patellar dislocation, in. Patellofemoral or anterior knee pain in adolescents.
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